"Who is managing the last mile?"

May 28, 2026 | Reading time: 9 minutes
For a long time, steel trading amounted to one thing above all else, namely the interface between factories and customers. In a challenging market environment, however, trading it is becoming a key area. Dr. Sebastian Bross is familiar with both sides of the coin - and explains why trading is now crucial for the Group's competitive capabilities.
Mr. Bross, you managed a production plant, Salzgitter Flachstahl, for 13 years. Today, as head of trading, you are even more directly connected to the market. How does this change the perspective?
In production, you frequently find yourself thinking in terms of tonnage, capacity utilization and quality – and you optimize the plant. In trading, you put yourself all the more in the customers' shoes. And you quickly realize that most purchasing companies do not think in terms of individual products at all. A medium-sized metalworking company, for example, needs beams, sheet metal, pipes and steel bars - all from a single source, in the right quantity and at the right time. No single plant can achieve this. But steel trading can.
How exactly does steel trading accomplish this?
We work in two different business models. In the stockholding steel trade, we purchase materials - around 70 percent from our own Group - store them at our sites in Germany and Europe and deliver them to thousands of small and medium-sized companies. Processing included: We don't just deliver, we prepare the material as required - we saw, drill, mill, bend and weld. This means that the client receives the material in exactly the shape and form they need. This positions us as an important partner for many companies given that they are unable or unwilling to carry out these processing steps themselves.
Which is the second model?
International trading, which works quite differently. We trade globally, without our own warehouse. Each business transaction is set up individually - purchasing, sales, logistics, financing, customs clearance. Here, only some of the steel comes from our Group. We purchase the rest worldwide and coordinate delivery to our customers, who are often based on an entirely different continent.
Storage vs. trading - the two trading models
In the stockholding steel trade, the trading organization buys in stock, stores at its own locations and sells in smaller quantities to end consumers. And assumes the price risk in doing so - there can be weeks or months between purchase and sale. According to the Federal Association of the German Steel Trade (BDS) steel distribution accounts for around two thirds of the market supply of steel in Germany.
In trading, i.e. direct to customer trading, or drop shipping, purchasing and selling are concluded close to each other in terms of time – so-called back-to-back business. As a result, the price risk is lower. Here, the risks are in the processing: Financing, freight rates, geopolitical disruptions, customs and quota regulations.
What are the advantages for customers of buying from you instead of from an independent trading company?
First of all, the bandwidth. We are able to offer a range from within the Group that most independent retailers cannot assemble: Flat products, profiles, tubes, heavy plate. And we know the products down to the last detail because we are so close to production. In the stockholding business, there is also the processing. In international business, it is our processing expertise from logistics all the way through to risk hedging. If you are moving steel from Asia to South America, you need someone who is able to master the entire chain – and we can do just that.
Other groups have divested their trading companies. Why is Salzgitter AG sticking to its strategy to date?
Because in a contracting market, it is crucial who handles the last mile to the customer. As long as the market is growing, each plant can sell its own steel - that's where the product view works. But when the economic situation shifts, it is customer proximity that counts. Our plants have a handful of employees in sales. Here in trading, we have hundreds of staff and support thousands of companies that a single plant would never be able to reach directly. In a phase of declining demand, this is a genuine asset.
You have fundamentally restructured the retail sector in recent years. What has changed for customers?
Our goals were to achieve faster decisions, fewer interfaces and greater transparency. Among other things, we have separated sales from processing and reduced management levels. Where many decisions used to be based on gut instinct, we now work in a data-driven way - for example, in customer care or pricing. As a result, we are more effective today, have shorter channels and are able to act faster.
With SALCOS®, the Group is investing heavily in the decarbonization of production. At present, however, there are many complex regulatory issues in terms of green steel for the markets. How can steel trading help here?
More than you might think. While green steel is the future, that much is certain the framework conditions are complex. Many companies are currently asking themselves very specific questions in this environment. For example: What does the carbon footprint of my material look like? What does the CO₂ border adjustment mechanism CBAM mean for my supply chain? How can I use green steel cost efficiently and meaningfully? Thanks to our Public and Regulatory Affairs department and our close links with the plants, we have built up a major knowledge advantage. A group-owned trading organization can answer these questions first-hand with maximum authenticity – and this is an added value for customers that an independent retailer cannot provide in this depth.
How is steel trading developing within the Group?
We need to see the entire chain even more as a unit - from the blast furnace and electric arc furnace all the way through to the purchasing company. In a contracting market, we have to constantly analyze how we can best serve market demands and requirements: Where do we use our material most profitably? Which channel is best for reaching customers? Which business models, processes and structures do we need to adapt for this? We have the cards in our hands: a strong production network, our efficient trading unit and proximity to our customers. Now we just have to play out our hand of cards.
About the person
Dr. Sebastian Bross has been with the Salzgitter Group since 2002 and is a member of the Group Executive Board of Salzgitter AG. He is responsible for the Trading Division and has been CEO of Salzgitter Mannesmann Handel GmbH, Salzgitter Mannesmann Stahlhandel GmbH and Universal Eisen und Stahl GmbH since January 2023. Prior to this, he was Managing Director of Salzgitter Flachstahl GmbH for 13 years. The switch from production to retail gives him a rare dual perspective: He knows the logic of the plants as well as the demands of the markets.
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